Thursday, May 1, 2014

Pretoria and Afrikaner nationalism

Although we were behind schedule, we still had the chance to drive up to the city of Pretoria, the formal capital of South Africa.  The jacaranda-lined streets are quite lovely, while also bustling with urban life.  The city is older than Johannesburg, and was the center of Afrikaner political power.  The capitol building has two large chambers, and is built to reflect the uneasy power sharing between the British and the Afrikaners after they united to form modern South Africa; literally, the building was created to divide and separate.  Now though, the long sloping lawn in front of the capitol is the home of a giant statue of Nelson Mandela, with his arms open out to the country.  The scale of the statue and the open arms really change the feeling of the capitol, making it seem more open and welcoming.

We passed the courthouse where Oscar Pistorius is currently on trial for murder.  This case is certainly the equivalent of the OJ Simpson trial in the U.S., and even though we didn’t go inside the courthouse, we could see that the building was literally surrounded by temporary security posts and press stands, crowd barriers and photography ramps.  It is the setting for a media circus for sure.


We also went past the Voortrekker Monument, which was erected by the nationalist Afrikaner government in 1949 to commemorate a victory over the Zulus called the battle of Blood River.  The Afrikaners considered this 1838 battle to be the turning point in their drive not just to survive but to conquer as they colonized South Africa.  This lopsided battle—where fewer than 500 Dutch settlers killed more than 3000 Zulus was interpreted as a sign from god that this territory was meant to be theirs.  The monument was opened just as the Afrikaner’s far-right Nationalist Party came to office in 1948, bringing the full apartheid regime.  The dedication of the monument included thousands of Afrikaners dressed in traditional Boer settler clothes, camping on the lawn, re-enacting a glamorized version of settler life.  It also featured a military display of army helicopters, planes, and soldiers; the blend of military might and selective historical pageantry was designed to reinforce the gloss of Afrikaner divine right over the future of South Africa.  What is really interesting today is the monument itself; it is made of dark mud-brown stone and is practically windowless, built in a kind of brutalist late art-deco style.  It sits at the top of a long hill, and manages to convey a sense of power, in a sort of squat defensive kind of a way. 

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